马来西亚大学生自我报告的自闭症特征和社会心理结果

作者：Low, HM (Low, Hui Min) ; Zainal, MS (Zainal, Mohd Syazwan) ; Pang, JC (Pang, Jee Ching) ; Ang, Y (Ang, Yammy) ; de Vries, M (de Vries, Marieke)

摘要：An autism spectrum condition is considered a lifelong condition. Affected individuals typically experience poorer psychosocial outcomes compared to non-autistic individuals. However, in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, research about autism spectrum conditions beyond the early childhood context is scarce, and therefore, the prevalence and psychosocial outcomes of young adults with autism spectrum conditions remain largely unknown. This study aims to explore self-reported autistic traits among university students in Malaysia, and their relation to emotion regulation, stress, self-efficacy and quality of life. Data from 2732 students revealed that 0.3% of the students reported having an autism spectrum condition diagnosis, while 2.5% reported that they suspected having an autism spectrum condition, but did not obtain a formal diagnosis. This indicates that an estimated 2.8% of students might have a diagnosed or suspected autism spectrum condition. These two categories of students were found to have poorer self-efficacy, higher perceived stress and poorer quality of life, as compared to their peers. However, these students were not significantly different from their peers in emotion regulation. Overall, the findings pointed to negative psychosocial outcomes associated with autism spectrum condition and culture-specific associations between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes. Lay abstract Most research on autism spectrum conditions is done on young children and not as much on young adults with autism spectrum conditions. Because of this, not much is known about how common autism spectrum conditions are in young adults and how they affect their mental and social health, especially in Southeast Asia. Based on self-reports, 2.8% of the 2732 university students we looked at in Malaysia might have been diagnosed or thought to have an autism spectrum condition. Students who said they had or thought they had autism spectrum conditions had lower self-efficacy, more stress and a lower quality of life than students who said they did not have autism spectrum conditions. The results showed that university students with autism spectrum condition are more likely to have bad psychological and social outcomes than their peers without autism spectrum condition. Also, the link between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes could depend on the culture.

自闭症谱系疾病被认为是一种终生疾病。与非自闭症患者相比，受影响的个体通常经历较差的社会心理结果。然而，在马来西亚等东南亚国家，关于儿童早期背景之外的自闭症谱系状况的研究很少，因此，患有自闭症谱系疾病的年轻人的患病率和社会心理结果在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究旨在探讨马来西亚大学生自我报告的自闭症特征，以及它们与情绪调节、压力、自我效能感和生活质量的关系。来自2732名学生的数据显示，0.3%的学生报告患有自闭症谱系疾病，而2.5%的学生报告他们怀疑患有自闭症谱系疾病，但没有获得正式诊断。这表明估计有 2.8% 的学生可能患有诊断或疑似自闭症谱系疾病。与同龄人相比，这两类学生的自我效能感较差，感知压力较高，生活质量较差。然而，这些学生在情绪调节方面与同龄人没有显着差异。总体而言，研究结果指出了与自闭症谱系状况相关的负面社会心理结果，以及自闭症特征与社会心理结果之间的文化特定关联。摘要 大多数关于自闭症谱系状况的研究都是在幼儿身上进行的，而不是对患有自闭症谱系状况的年轻人进行的。正因为如此，人们对年轻人的自闭症谱系疾病有多普遍以及它们如何影响他们的心理和社会健康知之甚少，尤其是在东南亚。根据自我报告，我们在马来西亚观察的 2732 名大学生中有 2.8% 可能被诊断或被认为患有自闭症谱系疾病。与说自己没有自闭症谱系疾病的学生相比，说自己患有或认为自己患有自闭症谱系疾病的学生自我效能感较低，压力更大，生活质量更低。结果显示，患有自闭症谱系疾病的大学生比没有自闭症谱系疾病的同龄人更容易出现不良的心理和社会结果。此外，自闭症特征与社会心理结果之间的联系可能取决于文化。