自闭症和非自闭症成年人在观看真实人物和非真实人物时的社会注意模式

作者：

Beatriz López, Nicola Jean Gregory and Megan Freeth

摘要：

Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed (‘Live’ condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the ‘Live’ condition. However, significant group differences were found in the ‘Video’ condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms

研究一致表明，自闭症成年人对面孔的注意不如非自闭症成年人多。然而，这一结论在很大程度上是基于使用预先录制的视频或照片作为刺激的研究。在使用真实社会情景的研究中，证据并不那么清晰。为了探讨研究结果的差异在多大程度上与研究方法的差异有关，我们直接比较了32名自闭症和33名非自闭症成年人在观看完全相同的视频时的社会注意力。然而，每组中的一半参与者被告知只是简单地观看视频(视频条件)，另一半被引导相信他们正在观看网络摄像头直播( ( “活着”的状态) )。结果在” Live “条件下没有显著的组间差异。